氧化应激:量化技术的基础和进展
Hari Krishnan Krishnamurthy1, Michelle Pereira2, Imbaasree Rajavelu2
1Vibrant Sciences LLC., Santa Clara, CA, United States.
Frontiers in chemistry
|October 22, 2024
概括
氧化应激发生在有害的氧化物种压倒了身体的防御系统时,损害细胞并导致衰老和疾病. 可靠量化氧化应激标记是理解和管理这一过程以改善健康的关键.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 病理生理学 病理生理学
背景情况:
- 氧化物种对于低水平的正常生理功能至关重要,包括免疫反应和细胞信号传递.
- 氧化剂和抗氧化剂之间的不平衡导致氧化应激,损害细胞成分,如脂质,DNA,RNA和蛋白质.
- 氧化应激与疾病的发病和通过细胞和功能恶化的衰老过程有关.
研究的目的:
- 审查氧化应激的基本原理及其量化.
- 讨论评估氧化应激的传统和新型标记.
- 突出在临床实践和研究中精确氧化应激测量的重要性.
主要方法:
- 审查有关氧化物种,氧化应激和生物标志物的现有文献.
- 对直接量化反应性氧物种的挑战进行分析.
- 讨论使用损害产品和抗氧化剂水平的间接量化方法.
- 探索新的生物标志物和检测技术.
主要成果:
- 氧化物种的直接量化是具有挑战性的,因为它们的反应性和短半衰期.
- 脂质过氧化产物,核酸/蛋白质损伤标志物和抗氧化剂水平是氧化应激的确立指标.
- 新型生物标志物和先进的检测技术为更精确的评估提供了潜力.
- 准确的量化对于疾病的临床一致性和可比性至关重要.
结论:
- 有效地管理氧化应激对于保持细胞完整性和整体健康至关重要.
- 可靠的氧化应激标志物的量化有助于了解疾病机制和衰老.
- 对新型生物标志物的进一步研究可以改善与氧化压力相关的疾病的诊断和治疗策略.
- 更好地了解和测量氧化应激可以促进寿命,并预防与年龄相关的疾病.
相关概念视频
01:19Mass Spectrometry: Overview
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
01:04Electrochemistry: Overview
Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the relationship between electrical quantities and chemical reactions, particularly oxidation and reduction. Oxidation is the loss of electrons from a substance, whereas reduction refers to the gain of electrons. A substance with a strong electron affinity is called an oxidizing agent (oxidant), and a reducing agent (reductant) is a species that donates electrons. Oxidation and reduction processes are pivotal to electrochemical reactions,...
01:20Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
01:22Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
01:29Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
01:29Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns
Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...