相关实验视频
Updated: Jun 9, 2025

12:44
Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
Published on: July 24, 2016
8.0K
影响客户参与计划的因素,以取代饮用水的管道
Heather Klemick1, Ann Wolverton1, Bryan Parthum1
1U.S. EPA, Office of Policy, National Center for Environmental Economics.
概括
许多家庭都有管,但更换它们是困难的. 对低收入房主提供的财政援助可以显著增加参与管道更换计划的比例,只要这些计划得到充分宣传并易于获得.
科学领域:
- 环境科学和公共卫生
- 城市基础设施和住房研究
- 行为经济学和政策评估.
背景情况:
- 公共水务系统在美国各地识别和更换主要服务线 (LSL) 时面临挑战.
- 在老旧的住房中,黑人和西班牙裔居民度较高的地区,租物业和价值较低的社区中,不成比例地发现了LSL.
- 了解影响房屋所有者参与自愿LSL替代计划的因素对于公共卫生至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查与房屋所有者参与自愿领先服务线路检查和更换计划相关的因素.
- 通过准实验和实验方法评估受补贴的房屋所有者置换成本对LSL项目参与的因果影响.
- 确定有效的策略,以增加LSL替代倡议的参与.
主要方法:
- 分析与LSL流行和项目参与相关的因素.
- 准实验性和实验性评估两个补助计划补贴LSL的替代成本.
- 评估项目宣传和可访问性作为房主参与的关键决定因素.
主要成果:
- 业主占用和价值较高的物业在LSL计划中参与度更高.
- 低收入房屋所有者的补贴大幅增加了参与率,取决于计划的可见性和易于访问.
- 即使在已确认LSL的物业中,仍然存在显著的非参与率,突出显示了持续存在的障碍.
结论:
- 有针对性的财政援助,特别是针对低收入家庭,有效地促进了LSL的替代.
- 有效的沟通和简化程序访问对于最大限度地提高LSL替代补贴的影响至关重要.
- 解决不参与问题需要多方面的策略,不仅仅是金融激励,以确保公平的管拆除.
相关概念视频
Design Example: Designing a Residential Plumbing System
412
The design of residential plumbing systems requires carefully evaluating water demand, flow rates, and pressure dynamics to ensure both efficiency and reliability. The nature of water flow within pipes is defined by its Reynolds number, which classifies flow as either laminar (smooth) or turbulent.
412
Single Pipe Systems
108
In pipe flow analysis, problems are typically categorized into three types — Type I, Type II, and Type III — based on the known parameters and the desired outcome. Each type of problem addresses specific engineering requirements using fluid properties, pipe characteristics, and operational conditions.
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are...
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are...
108
Multiple Pipe Systems
464
Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
464
Quality of Water
88
In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
88
Major Losses in Pipes
717
When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to...
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to...
717
Minor Losses in Pipes
677
In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...
677

