反应性有机化合物的演变及其在野火中的潜在健康风险 烟雾
Havala O T Pye1, Lu Xu2, Barron H Henderson3
1Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina 27711, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|October 22, 2024
概括
野火烟雾含有大量的活性有机化合物 (ROC). 目前的排放清单低估了ROC质量,影响了对森林火灾烟雾的健康风险评估.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 大气化学 大气化学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 野火是越来越多的空气污染源,对健康有重大影响.
- 野火烟雾的组成,特别是活性有机化合物 (ROC),影响健康影响.
- 准确估计排放量对于了解烟雾影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计美国西部野生林地森林火灾中的活性有机化合物 (ROC).
- 为了将排放库存估计与观测和建模数据进行比较.
- 评估ROC对与野火烟雾相关的健康风险的贡献.
主要方法:
- 利用了2019年"火灾对区域至全球环境和空气质量影响" (FIREX-AQ) 现场活动的数据.
- 采用了社区多层次空气质量 (CMAQ) 模型进行预测.
- 分析了气相和颗粒物种的丰度,无论是以摩尔单位还是以质量为基础的单位.
主要成果:
- 标准排放库存仅捕获估计ROC质量的40-45%,主要有机气溶明显低估 (5-8倍).
- 气相物种的丰富性向下风向下显示了碎片化产品的产生,如甲和甲醇.
- 火灾排放量估计为每公斤CO的1250±60gC的ROC,这表明ROC的碳排放量很大.
- 颗粒ROC可能主导吸入烟雾的长期癌症和非癌症健康风险.
结论:
- 现有的野火烟雾排放库存不足,特别是对于ROC.
- 了解颗粒ROC的质量和成分对于准确的健康风险评估至关重要.
- 需要对来自森林火灾的颗粒ROC的毒性进行进一步的研究,以充分评估对健康的影响.
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