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相关概念视频

Language Development01:22

Language Development

319
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Group Design02:01

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
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Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context01:22

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Lev Vygotsky, a pioneering Russian psychologist, developed a theory of cognitive development that centers on the influence of social and cultural factors. Unlike Jean Piaget, who emphasized the child's direct interaction with the physical world as key to development, Vygotsky argued that cognitive growth is an interpersonal process that unfolds within a cultural context. For Vygotsky, a child's learning cannot be separated from their social environment, which includes the values,...
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Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
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双语儿童在共享叙事宏观结构中表现出变化.

Alejandro Granados Vargas1, Elizabeth D Peña1, Lisa M Bedore2

  • 1School of Education, University of California, Irvine.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
|October 22, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

双语儿童表现出跨语言的共享叙事宏观结构,尽管词汇和特定故事元素的变化. 语言接触并没有显著影响宏观结构,这表明双语讲故事的基础组织是稳定的.

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科学领域:

  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 双语研究 双语研究

背景情况:

  • 叙事宏观结构在多语言个体中理论上是语言独立的.
  • 了解双语儿童如何组织不同语言的故事对于教育和临床应用至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究西班牙语-英语双语儿童的叙事宏观结构,语言暴露和微观结构之间的关系.
  • 检查当前语言暴露和微观结构如何影响双语叙事中的宏观结构组织.
  • 探索儿童在英语故事和西班牙故事中选择的宏观结构元素的差异.

主要方法:

  • 利用了62名二年级西班牙语-英语双语儿童的现有数据.
  • 使用两个样本的t测试来比较英语和西班牙语的宏观结构和微观结构性能.
  • 进行相关性和回归分析,以检查变量之间的关系.

主要成果:

  • 儿童在英语和西班牙语中表现出类似的整体宏观结构使用,但在特定的子组件中存在差异.
  • 与英语相比,西班牙语叙事中的词汇多样性更高.
  • 除了西班牙语故事结构外,一般语言暴露和宏观结构之间没有发现显著的关系.

结论:

  • 研究结果支持这样的说法:双语儿童的叙事宏观结构是跨语言共享的.
  • 词汇多样性对于在宏观结构框架内表达思想至关重要.
  • 双语儿童可能会在文化和语言方面做出明智的选择,以了解宏观结构的组成部分.