在斯基拉和卡里布迪斯之间:固定比例的回避反应努力和人类不可避免的冲击灭绝
Simon Dymond1, Weike Xia2, Daniel V Zuj3
1School of Psychology, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Reykjavík University, Menntavegur 1, Nauthólsvík, Reykjavík 101, Iceland.
Behavioural brain research
|October 22, 2024
概括
高努力的避免反应比低努力的反应更容易灭. 不可避免的威胁灭绝可能通过减少不适应的回避行为来为治疗焦虑症提供新的途径.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 不适应性回避行为,以不分青红白和持续避免威胁为特征,是焦虑障碍的核心.
- 了解影响抗拒避免行为变化的因素对于开发有效治疗至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查在不可避免的威胁灭绝期间,高与低回避响应力度对变化的阻力.
- 检查不可避免的威胁呈现对恐惧,威胁预期和心理生理反应的影响.
- 探索焦虑和回避行为以及恐惧/威胁预期之间的个人差异之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 人类参与者接受了恐惧调节,然后在高 (固定比率-20) 和低 (固定比率-5) 的负面强化计划中学习避免.
- 避免灭绝程序涉及不可避免的冲击呈现,响应导致冲击而不是防止它.
- 随后的灭绝和响应预防测试评估了回避,恐惧,威胁预期和皮肤导电性反应.
主要成果:
- 高力度避免 (FR-20) 与低力度避免 (FR-5) 相比,对灭绝的抵抗力更大.
- 恐惧和威胁的预期最初在灭绝之前在不可避免的冲击试验中增加,而心理生理学反应显示了类似的模式.
- 在重新测试时,避免响应再次出现,特别是在低力度的线索上,持续高水平的恐惧和期望.
- 特征焦虑,不容忍不确定性和经验回避与恐惧和威胁预期的增加相关.
结论:
- 避免所投入的努力影响了它对灭绝的抵抗力,而高努力避免更持久.
- 不可避免的威胁灭绝程序显示了减少不适应性回避的潜力.
- 研究结果表明,不可避免的冲击灭绝范式可能对避免学习和与焦虑有关的疾病的临床治疗开发的翻译研究有价值.
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