人类主导的景观中的狼活动的驱动因素及其对人类引起的干扰的个体变化
Iago Ferreiro-Arias1, Emilio José García2, Vicente Palacios2
1Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC Sevilla Spain.
Ecology and evolution
|October 23, 2024
概括
狼的活动模式因人类的干扰而因人而异,不仅仅是根据种群而异. 这突显了个人的行为灵活性和植被避难所对狼在人类主导的景观中的坚持的重要性.
科学领域:
- 野生动物生态和行为生态学.
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 运动生态学运动生态学
背景情况:
- 狼 (Canis lupus) 在它们的息地表现出各种各样的活动模式,经常在白天和夜晚的习惯之间转移.
- 人类活动是这些转变的主要驱动因素,但狼群之间的反应不同.
- 在避免人类干扰的时间方面,个体的变异性仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查狼的时间回避模式的驱动因素.
- 探索狼对人为干扰的反应的个体变异性.
- 了解狼如何适应他们的活动以人类主导的景观.
主要方法:
- 装备了26只狼的GPS-GSM项圈,收集了54,721个位置.
- 利用步长,转角和加速度计数据来推断使用隐藏的马尔科夫模型的活动.
- 分析了与人类干扰代理和一天的时间有关的活动概率,适合人口层面和基于个人的模型.
主要成果:
- 狼主要在黄昏和夜间活跃,在白天的不同时间里活动的个体差异很大.
- 人类干扰对人口层面的影响被广泛的,个体特异性反应 (从积极到消极) 掩盖了.
- 个体间的反应变化因预测因素和一天中的时间不同而有所不同.
结论:
- 狼对人类干扰的反应高度个性化,在不同种群中不均.
- 植被斑块作为关键的功能避难所,缓冲干扰效应并支持狼的持久性.
- 了解个体行为可塑性是人类影响环境中的狼保护的关键.
相关概念视频
02:26Ecological Disturbance
17.0K
An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
17.0K
02:31Habitat Fragmentation
17.4K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.4K
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
22.2K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.2K
02:04Conservation of Small Populations
13.1K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.1K
02:39Predator-Prey Interactions
16.1K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
16.1K
02:34Competition
21.4K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
21.4K