儿童的工作记忆训练是否需要适应性? 一个随机对照试验
Regine Cassandra Lau1, Peter J Anderson1,2,3,4, Susan Gathercole5,6
1School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Child development
|October 23, 2024
概括
适应性工作记忆训练没有改善儿童的认知结果. 这项研究没有发现任何证据表明适应性训练方法优于其他方法来增强儿童的认知能力.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 认知培训计划经常使用适应性困难,假设它最大限度地为儿童带来好处.
- 然而,直接支持适应性培训对儿童结果的优越性的经验证据有限.
研究的目的:
- 评估工作记忆训练与适应性,自我选择性或阶段性困难的有效性,与小学儿童的积极对照相比.
- 为了确定适应性工作记忆训练是否最大限度地提高了儿童的认知成果.
主要方法:
- 一项随机对照试验,涉及201名澳大利亚小学儿童 (7-11岁).
- 干预包括10次20分钟的工作记忆训练,难度不同 (适应性,自选,逐步) 或主动控制.
- 认知结果使用工作记忆测试 (近/中间转移),雷文标准渐进矩阵和ADHD评分表-5 (远转移) 在基线,立即和干预后6个月评估.
主要成果:
- 与活性对照组相比,在任何训练条件下都没有观察到显著的转移效应,无论是立即还是6个月后的随访.
- 观察到的转移效应是可以忽略不计的小,表明从工作记忆干预没有实际的好处.
- 照顾者报告的ADHD症状 (远程转移) 也没有在各个条件上有所改善.
结论:
- 这项研究没有证据表明适应性工作记忆训练优于其他训练方法或积极控制在改善儿童的认知结果.
- 这些发现挑战了广泛的假设,即适应性困难对于最大限度地提高儿科患者认知训练计划的好处至关重要.
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