自闭症谱系障碍青少年视觉工作记忆
Mackenzie N Cissne1, Katherine R Bellesheim2, Nelson Cowan1
1Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|October 23, 2024
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的青少年的工作记忆 (WM) 能力比同龄人低. 然而,他们的注意力分配能力仍然相似,这表明WM能力问题可能会在成年后得到解决.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发育神经科学的发展神经科学.
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 与工作记忆 (WM) 的挑战有关.
- 之前的研究表明,在患有自闭症的成年人中,注意力分配可能受到干扰.
- 患有自闭症的青少年中WM缺陷的特异性需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 研究患有自闭症谱系障碍的青少年的工作记忆能力和注意力分配.
- 为了比较有和没有ASD的青少年的WM和注意力.
- 检查ASD组内WM表现的潜在基于性别的差异.
主要方法:
- 对38名患有自闭症的青少年和39名对照者 (11-15岁) 进行了计算机化工作记忆任务.
- 参与者在延迟后回忆起视觉刺激 (有色圆形和方形).
- 任务设计包括基于刺激概率的战略注意力指标.
主要成果:
- 与对照人群相比,患有自闭症的青少年的整体工作记忆能力明显较低.
- 在基于战略线索的注意力分配能力方面,没有发现任何显著的群体差异.
- 患有自闭症的男性和女性青少年之间的工作记忆表现没有差异.
结论:
- 患有自闭症的青少年在工作记忆能力方面表现出缺陷,这与注意力分配不同.
- 这些发现表明,在ASD中工作记忆能力的挑战可能会随着年龄的增长而改善.
- 建议进行纵向研究,以追踪ASD中WM组件的发育轨迹.
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