创伤和不良的童年经历和精神病风险的发展差异
Justin D Russell1, Sara A Heyn1, Matthew Peverill1
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison.
JAMA psychiatry
|October 23, 2024
概括
这项研究确定了8种创伤和不良童年经历 (TRACE) 的形式,并发现它们对年轻人的心理健康和认知发展有着不同的影响. 这些发现可以为面临风险的年轻人提供有针对性的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年精神病学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 不利的童年经历 (ACE) 与青年的负面心理健康和认知结果有关.
- 传统的ACE分数在预测个体结果方面缺乏特异性.
- 需要一种数据驱动的方法来完善对童年逆境的理解.
研究的目的:
- 识别不同形式的创伤性和不良的童年经历 (TRACE).
- 检查TRACE与青春期精神病风险和认知发展的差异性关联.
- 探索 TRACE 如何调节心理健康和认知的纵向变化.
主要方法:
- 利用了青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的数据,包括青年和护理人员的年度行为评估.
- 采用非线性主要组件分析,将268个TRACE提炼成8个主题逆境组件.
- 应用混合效应和潜在变化得分模型来评估TRACE作为发展变化的调节者.
主要成果:
- 确定了8个TRACE主题组件,例如家庭冲突和同行攻击.
- 发现大多数TRACE与较差的基线心理健康和认知有关.
- 观察到不同的纵向效应:一些TRACE增加了精神问题,而另一些与症状抑制或认知能力下降有关.
结论:
- 截然不同的TRACE形式差异地调节了精神病风险和认知能力的发展轨迹.
- 这些发现支持基于精度的年轻人风险预测.
- 这些结果可以指导针对有风险的年轻人的早期预防和干预策略.
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