三十年来,海洋顶级捕食者的病原体暴露增加了
Karyn D Rode1, Caroline Van Hemert1, Ryan R Wilson2
1U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America.
PloS one
|October 23, 2024
概括
北极北极熊对五种病原体的暴露增加,包括Toxoplasma gondii和犬病毒,与环境变化有关. 饮食和陆地息可能会影响这些脆弱的顶级捕食者的病原体传播.
科学领域:
- 北极的生态学 北极的生态学
- 野生动物流行病学
- 气候变化影响气候变化的影响.
背景情况:
- 全球变暖改变了北极的生态系统,为病原体和寄生虫传播创造了新的途径.
- 作为顶级捕食者,北极熊是生态系统健康和疾病动态变化的关键指标.
- 了解北极熊的病原体暴露对于评估北极野生动物健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查楚克奇海北极熊对寄生虫和病原体暴露的流行率和危险因素.
- 研究环境变化和行为如何影响北极熊种群的疾病传播.
- 评估病原体暴露,饮食和生理反应之间的潜在联系.
主要方法:
- 从两段不同的时间 (1987-1994年和2008-2017年) 中对北极熊血清抗体进行分析.
- 对六种特定病原体的抗体检测:Toxoplasma gondii,Neospora caninum,Francisella tularensis,Brucella abortus/suis,犬病毒和Coxiella burnetii. 这些病原体的抗体可以检测到.
- 统计分析以确定病原体流行,环境因素,熊行为 (如土地使用),性别和饮食之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 在两次研究期间,对六种病原体中的五种抗体的患病率显著增加.
- 增加北极熊夏季土地使用量与更高的病原体暴露率无关.
- 在女性中,Francisella tularensis,Coxiella burnetii和Brucella abortus/suis抗体的更高流行率表明与陆地染有联系.
- 饮食因素与多种病原体的暴露增加有关,这表明食物网传播.
- 一些熊的白细胞数量升高表明有活跃的免疫反应.
结论:
- 楚克奇海的北极熊种群对多种病原体的暴露越来越大,反映了更广泛的生态系统变化.
- 诸如土地使用增加等行为适应似乎不会增加暴露率,但指定的行为可能起到作用.
- 饮食变化和食物网动态是致病原体传播到北极熊的关键因素.
- 进一步的研究对于监测北极熊的疾病至关重要,考虑到气候变化压力因素及其作为生存食物来源的作用.
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