我不知道的可能会伤害你:当旁观者受害者身份不明时,附带战斗损害似乎更可接受
Scott Danielson1, Paul Conway2, Andrew Vonasch1
1Department of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
PloS one
|October 23, 2024
概括
当旁观者的身份未知时,人们更有可能支持轰炸危险目标. 这表明存在偏见,即未确定的个人被认为是有罪的,这影响了战时的决策.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 军事道德 军事道德
- 社会认知是指社会认知.
背景情况:
- 战争中的道德困境带来了复杂的道德挑战.
- 非战斗人员的身份可以影响有关军事行动的决定.
- 了解战时决策中的偏见对于道德行为至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查旁观者身份如何影响在现实军事困境中的道德判断.
- 探索对全面战争的态度在这些判断中的作用.
- 检查文化差异在应对这种困境的反应.
主要方法:
- 五项涉及2204名参与者的实验提出了一个道德困境,即飞行员在旁观者面前轰炸敌方目标.
- 改变了旁观者的身份 (无辜的平民与未知人).
- 对全面战争和国家差异的评估态度 (英国与英国). 美国参与者).
主要成果:
- 与会者在旁观者的身份未知时,相比于当他们被认定为无辜的平民时,他们更有可能支持轰炸.
- 对全面战争的态度预测了轰炸的支持.
- 英国参与者对轰炸的支持率低于美国参与者,这与完全战争的态度不同有关.
结论:
- 这项研究揭示了一个潜在的危险偏见,即未识别的旁观者被认为是有罪的,影响冲突中的道德判断.
- 这种偏见对现代战争有重大影响,特别是在未识别的非战斗人员的场景中.
- 对全面战争的态度的文化差异可以调解军事道德困境中的判断.
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