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在EHR数据中概念化偏差:对于儿科肥胖发病率分类器的人口亚组表现差异的案例研究
Elizabeth A Campbell1,2,3, Saurav Bose1,4, Aaron J Masino1,5,6
1Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
PLOS digital health
|October 23, 2024
概括
机器学习模型使用电子健康记录 (EHR) 预测儿童肥胖症,在少数群体子组中表现更好. 这突显了人工智能在医疗保健中的复杂偏见.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 机器学习在医学中的应用
- 预测分析是一种预测分析.
背景情况:
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 对于开发预测医学模型至关重要.
- 关于机器学习用于儿童肥胖预测和相关差异的研究有限.
- 易受伤害的患者亚群需要针对分类器性能进行集中调查.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估用于使用EHR数据预测儿科肥胖症的机器学习模型.
- 在不同患者子组的分类器性能中调查潜在的偏差.
- 确定儿童肥胖的主要预测特征和人口统计学关联.
主要方法:
- 在EHR数据上训练了四个算法 (逻辑回归,随机森林,梯度增强树木,神经网络).
- 使用时间状况模式将患者分类为肥胖阳性或负性.
- 通过引导优化过度参数,并使用子组性能和排列分析评估偏差.
主要成果:
- 模型在各分类器之间实现了0.72-0.80之间的一致的AUC-ROC平均值.
- 对于少数群体 (非洲裔美国人,医疗补助患者) 的模型表现更好,这表明一种偏见形式.
- 转换分析显示,在具有预测性诊断模式的患者中,易受伤害的子组过度代表.
结论:
- 针对儿科肥胖症的机器学习模型可能表现出复杂的偏见,有时偏好少数群体.
- 与肥胖症密切相关的特征可能在少数群体患者中更常见,影响模型性能.
- 未来的研究必须解决和减轻EHR数据和机器学习模型中的偏见,以实现公平的医疗保健.
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