在SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 mRNA增强疫苗接种过程中,会产生有限的粘膜免疫力
Ninaad Lasrado1, Marjorie Rowe1, Katherine McMahan1
1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Science translational medicine
|October 23, 2024
概括
目前的COVID-19 mRNA增强剂增强了针对SARS-CoV-2变体的血清抗体,但没有显著地提高粘膜免疫力. 未来的疫苗应该准粘膜免疫反应,以更好地预防呼吸道感染.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 目前的COVID-19疫苗在预防严重疾病方面表现出色,但对感染获得的保护有限.
- 肌肉内接种疫苗刺激强大的血清中和抗体 (NAbs),但它们对粘膜免疫力的影响尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 研究XBB.1.5信使RNA (mRNA) 增强剂对血清和粘膜免疫反应对SARS-CoV-2变种的影响.
- 将疫苗接种引起的免疫反应与自然感染引起的免疫反应进行比较.
主要方法:
- 人类参与者接受了XBB.1.5mRNA增强剂.
- 对血清和粘膜样本进行了针对各种SARS-CoV-2变体的中和抗体 (NAbs) 和IgA反应的分析,包括JN.1.
- 免疫反应疫苗接种后与感染后与SARS-CoV-2 XBB变种的比较.
主要成果:
- XBB.1.5 mRNA增强剂显著增加了针对多种SARS-CoV-2变异的血清中和,包括JN.1.1.
- 增强剂并没有显著增加粘膜NAbs或粘膜IgA反应.
- 急性SARS-CoV-2 XBB感染明显增强了粘膜抗体反应.
结论:
- 目前的XBB.1.5 mRNA COVID-19助推剂有效地增强了外围抗体反应,但对粘膜免疫产生有限的影响.
- 人类的外周和粘膜免疫系统反应之间存在着显著的分离.
- 开发下一代疫苗对于增强粘膜免疫力至关重要,以改善对呼吸道病毒的保护.
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