河流调节和气候变化减少了澳大利亚主要洪水平原湿地河流的流量
Jan Kreibich1, Gilad Bino2, Hongxing Zheng3
1Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2093, Australia.
Journal of environmental management
|October 23, 2024
概括
河流监管对淡水生态系统产生重大影响,减少了43%的流量,并增加了洪水回归期. 气候变化将进一步减少水流和洪水持续时间,威胁到生物多样性.
科学领域:
- 水文学的水文学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 淡水生态系统面临水资源开发和气候变化的威胁.
- 洛比迪吉洪水平原 (Lowbidgee Floodplain) 是一个位于穆伦比迪吉河 (Murrumbidgee River) 上的大型湿地,受到河流调节的严重影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较河流调节和气候变化对河流流量和洪水平原淹水的影响.
- 评估对Lowbidgee泛滥平原生态系统及其连接性的影响.
主要方法:
- 自然溪流流程的建模 (1890-1927) 和与观察到的调节流程 (1890-2018) 的比较.
- 分析降雨流失数据,以建模气候变化对河流排放和上岸流量的影响.
- 评估中位流量变化,洪水回流期和洪水持续时间.
主要成果:
- 河流调节使平均年流量减少了43% (1958-2018),在过去三十年中减少了55%.
- 主要银行外汇流的回报期从2.0年增加到4.4年.
- 预计到2047-2075年,气候变化将进一步减少7-10%的河流流量,并将洪水持续时间减少83-85%.
结论:
- 河流监管对Murrumbidgee河流域的河流生态系统和生物多样性构成最直接的威胁.
- 缓解河流调节的影响对于保护淡水生态系统至关重要.
- "自然流"模型为环境流量管理和政策提供了洞察力,可转移到其他河流系统.
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