在双语和单语中,皮质下体积和语言能力:结构性MRI研究
Yinan Xu1, My V H Nguyen1, Kelly A Vaughn2
1University of Houston, USA.
Brain and language
|October 23, 2024
概括
双语者在与语言能力相关的大脑结构上表现出差异. 较高的西班牙语 (L1) 熟练程度与较少的球体体体积相关,而英语 (L2) 熟练程度与泰拉马斯和体体积的增加有关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语言学的语言学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 遗产双语者代表了美国显著的人口统计.
- 了解双语的神经相关性对于认知科学至关重要.
- 皮下灰质在语言学习中的作用仍然未被充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 研究遗产双语者语言体验和皮下灰质体积之间的关系.
- 为了比较双语者和单语者之间的大脑结构差异.
- 为了确定与L1和L2熟练度相关的特定皮层下区域.
主要方法:
- 结合了八项MRI研究的数据.
- 分析了215名传统西班牙语-英语双语者和145名英语单语者的神经成像数据.
- 与皮下灰质体积相关的语言能力 (L1西班牙语,L2英语) 和学习年龄 (AoA).
主要成果:
- 在双语者中,更高的L1西班牙语水平与双边球体白体积的减少有关.
- 较高的L2英语水平和较早的英语AoA与右丘脑,左丘脑和双边球体体的体积增加相关.
- 在单语者中,更高的英语水平与更高的右白体积有关.
结论:
- 皮下灰质结构与第二语言学习有着显著的关联.
- 语言经验,包括掌握能力和获取年龄,影响皮质下大脑体积.
- 需要进一步的发育研究,以了解L1和L2收购中的皮下适应.
相关概念视频
01:27Language and Cognition
329
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
329
01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
764
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
764
01:28Lateralization
311
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
311