实验室数据作为医疗保健方面的潜在偏差来源 人工智能和机器学习模型
1Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Annals of laboratory medicine
|October 24, 2024
概括
医学中的人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 是强大的,但容易受到实验室数据的偏差的影响. 解决测试协调和互操作性等问题至关重要,以防止人工智能加剧健康差异.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 准备彻底改变医疗实践.
- 实验室结果是数字健康数据的重要来源,对于训练AI/ML算法至关重要.
- 在AI/ML模型中嵌入偏见可能会对患者护理产生负面影响,并加剧健康差异.
研究的目的:
- 突出了AI/ML模型中嵌入偏差的风险,这些模型在医疗保健数据上受过训练.
- 检查实验室数据特征如何导致医学AI偏见.
- 强调解决数据质量问题的重要性,以实现公平的AI实施.
主要方法:
- 对AI/ML实验室数据聚合中的潜在偏差来源的分析.
- 审查测试协调和互操作性对算法准确性的影响.
- 检查影响实验室数据解释和AI模型概括性的特定人群因素.
主要成果:
- 缺乏测试协调可以引入聚合偏差,导致不良的患者结果.
- 有限的互操作性 (技术,语法,语义,组织) 限制了AI模型的准确性和通用性.
- 临床试验中的代表性不足和不准确的种族归因使错误的AI驱动的结论永久化.
结论:
- 在AI/ML模型中嵌入偏见,特别是来自实验室数据的偏见,对医疗保健质量和公平性构成重大风险.
- 改善测试协调和数据互操作性对于开发可靠和公平的医疗人工智能至关重要.
- 解决人口特异性数据问题至关重要,以防止人工智能延续和加剧健康差异.
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