健康导向的运输模型:估计积极运输对健康的好处
Samuel G Younkin1, Henry C Fremont1, Jonathan A Patz1
1Initiative for Health-Oriented Transportation, Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin, 1070 Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Journal of transport & health
|October 25, 2024
概括
在城市中促进像步行和骑自行车这样的活跃交通,可以显著减少过早死亡. 健康导向交通 (HOT) 模型表明,增加步行和骑自行车的数量可以在城市人口中每年避免成千上万的死亡.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 城市规划 城市规划
- 运输科学 运输科学
背景情况:
- 城市过度依赖汽油动力汽车,通过空气污染和减少体力活动对公共卫生产生负面影响.
- 应对体力不活动的流行需要工具来量化积极运输对健康的益处.
- 促进可持续城市需要了解交通和公共卫生之间的联系.
研究的目的:
- 引入以健康为导向的运输 (HOT) 模型来评估积极运输对健康的益处.
- 使用旅行调查数据,将HOT模型应用于伦敦的成年人口.
- 量化步行和骑自行车在城市环境中的当前和潜在的健康益处.
主要方法:
- 利用以健康为导向的运输 (HOT) 模型,这是一个透明的工具来分析积极运输的好处.
- 使用来自一天旅行调查的数据,特别是伦敦旅行需求调查.
- 根据当前和增加的活跃运输率计算避免的死亡和潜在的死亡率降低.
主要成果:
- 在伦敦2016年成年人口中,活跃的交通工具避免了估计有1,618人 (内区) 和2,720人 (外区) 的死亡.
- 每周增加步行或骑自行车的次数,可能可以避免364例 (内部) 和946例 (外部) 死亡.
- 在活跃的旅行者中,步行/骑自行车模式份额增加50%可能会使伦敦成年人口的过早死亡率减少2.5%.
结论:
- 量化积极交通对健康的益处为城市规划者和公共卫生官员提供了关键数据.
- 这些信息可以指导对基础设施和公共卫生计划的投资,以促进积极旅行.
- 促进活跃的交通对于改善公共卫生和创造可持续的城市环境至关重要.
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