[人类微生物群被人类世证明:从相关性到因果关系和干预]
Philippe J Sansonetti1, Joël Doré2
1Institut Pasteur et Collège de France Paris France.
概括
人类活动正在减少微生物多样性,导致"失生症",并可能增加非传染性疾病. 需要进一步的研究来证实这些联系,并开发"微生物医学".
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 人类健康 人类健康 人类健康
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 人类活动显著影响生物多样性和气候,但对微生物多样性的影响,特别是人类微生物群的影响,不太了解.
- 超基因组学使微生物的详细分类成为可能,揭示了人类微生物群中的细菌丰富性和多样性减少,特别是在工业化地区.
- 过度使用抗生素,饮食变化和"全球暴露组"等因素有助于这种微生物的下降,称为"缺失的微生物".
研究的目的:
- 研究人类活动对微生物多样性的影响,特别是在人类微生物群中.
- 了解微生物多样性减少的后果,包括失生症的发展.
- 探索微生物失生症与非传染性疾病的兴起之间的潜在因果关系.
主要方法:
- 利用大规模的元基因组学来对人类微生物群进行全面的微生物目录.
- 分析细菌丰富和多样性的数据,特别是在肠道.
- 使用实验动物模型和受控的临床干预来评估因果关系.
主要成果:
- 人类微生物群的细菌丰富性和多样性的确定的减少,与工业化地区有关.
- 作为共享细菌物种的侵蚀和病原生物的扩散而表现出的失生症.
- 确定了异菌微生物群与非传染性疾病风险增加之间的相关性.
结论:
- 人类活动正在导致微生物多样性下降,从而导致失生症.
- 失生症与非传染性疾病如喘,肥胖和自身免疫性疾病的出现有关.
- 确定因果关系需要进一步的实验和临床研究,为"微生物医学"铺平了道路.
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