为了拯救五个人,杀一个是公平的吗? 正确的世界信仰如何塑造牺牲性的道德决策
Paul Conway1, Rael J Dawtry2, Jason Lam1
1School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Personality & social psychology bulletin
|October 25, 2024
概括
在道德困境中的决策取决于目标的道德品格. 牺牲有罪的人比牺牲无辜的人更可接受,影响伤害拒绝反应.
科学领域:
- 道德心理学道德心理学
- 伦理决策的伦理决策
- 社会认知是指社会认知.
背景情况:
- 伦理困境往往涉及牺牲一个人来拯救一个更大的群体,在德伦理 (基于规则) 和实用 (基于结果) 伦理之间产生冲突.
- 之前的研究已经探讨了影响这些决定的各种因素,但正义问题和牺牲目标的道德特征的作用仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查牺牲目标的道德性格如何影响道德困境中的决策.
- 检查正义问题,公正的世界信仰和德伦理与功利主义反应之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 进行了四项涉及1116名参与者的实验研究.
- 牺牲目标 (有罪与无辜) 的道德性质被操纵.
- 用过程分离来衡量参与者的困境反应,以评估拒绝危害 (道德学) 和最大化结果 (功利主义) 的倾向,以及仅仅是世界信仰.
主要成果:
- 参与者在考虑有罪目标时,与无辜目标相比,显示出较低的伤害拒绝 (道德学) 反应.
- 目标的道德性质并没有显著影响结果最大化 (功利主义) 的反应.
- 公正的世界信仰与较低的功利主义和道德学反应有关,但这些影响是由精神病症调解的.
结论:
- 伦理困境决策受到牺牲目标所感知的道德地位的影响.
- 对公平和正义的关注发挥着作用,特别是当一个无辜的个人被认为是牺牲时.
- 这些发现强调了目标特征在道德决策中的重要性,超越了纯粹的道德或实用框架.
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