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基于体育学:大学短跑运动员在不同比赛前准备阶段的生理状态的比较

Pengyu Fu¹, Xiaomin Duan², Yuting Zhang¹

¹Department of Physical Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.

|October 25, 2024

概括

在大学短跑运动员中,竞赛前的逐渐减速显示肌肉质量减少和炎症标志物增加. 在逐渐缩减期间肠道微生物组失衡和代谢物改变可能会阻碍体育运动的高峰表现.

科学领域:

运动科学运动科学运动科学
运动生理学运动生理学
微生物组研究微生物组研究

背景情况:

竞赛前的训练对于运动员的表现至关重要.
了解训练阶段的生理变化是优化表现的关键.
体育经济学为分析运动员健康提供了多方面的方法.

研究的目的:

为了比较大学短跑运动员在加强与逐渐缩减的训练期间的生理状态.
研究训练阶段对身体组成,代谢概况和肠道微生物群的影响.
为了将生理学标记与体育表现结果相关联.

主要方法:

在加强 (A组) 和逐渐缩小 (B组) 期间对15名大学短跑运动员进行体育学分析.
评估身体组成,饮食,能量消耗,睡眠,心率,呼吸率,血液标记物,尿液分析和肠道微生物群.
血液和肠道微生物组的代谢分析.

主要成果:

紧缩 (B组) 显示下肢骨肌肉质量和淋巴细胞比率,和较高的血清肌酸酶 (CK) 在男性短跑者相比强化 (A组).
在两组中都观察到血清CK,白血素-6 (IL-6),白血素-1β (IL-1β) 和尿液特异性重量 (SG) 的升高,超过参考值.
B组的尿液白细胞和蛋白质检测率较高. 肠道微生物组健康指数 (GMHI) 在B组较低,微生物失生症增加,Firmicutes/Bacteroidota比率较低.
在血液和微生物组代谢物中发现了显著的差异,与炎症 (NF-kappa B信号传递) 和免疫反应 (T细胞受体信号传递,Th1 / Th2分化) 相关的途径得到了丰富.

结论:

在大学短跑运动员中,竞赛前的逐渐减速与生理压力有关,包括炎症和免疫系统变化.
在逐渐减少期间,肠道微生物组和与炎症相关的代谢物的失衡可能会对运动表现产生负面影响.
对优化逐渐缩减策略的进一步研究是有必要的,以减轻负面生理影响并提高性能.

关键词:

学院运动员的运动员.我们的肠道微生物组.竞赛前状态竞赛前状态运动表现体育表现体育表现短跑运动员的短跑者

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