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专业化重要时:比较游泳和跑道跑道之间的距离变化的剂量时间效应
Dennis-Peter Born1,2,3, Jesús J Ruiz-Navarro4, Jenny Lorentzen1
1Swiss Swimming Federation, Swiss Development Hub for Strength and Conditioning in Swimming, CH-3048 Worblaufen, Switzerland.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 25, 2024
概括
在职业生涯早期多样化比赛距离的运动员成功的机会更高. 这种距离变化缩小了接近高峰性能年龄的范围,游泳者和跑道运动员之间的最佳范围不同.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动发展运动员发展
- 人才识别 人才识别
背景情况:
- 长期运动员发展模式往往强调早期专业化.
- 体育场内的距离多样性对精英表现的影响尚未完全理解.
- 了解最佳的训练进展对于最大限度地发挥运动潜力至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析体育运动内的远距离多样性与在峰值表现年龄取得成功之间的关系.
- 为了比较男性游泳运动员和田径运动员的距离差异的剂量时间效应.
- 为改进长期运动员发展战略提供基于证据的见解.
主要方法:
- 对男性游泳运动员 (n=6033) 和田径运动员 (n=19,278) 的纵向回顾分析.
- 来自欧洲水上运动和世界田径联合会的数据,从初级到顶级表现年龄.
- 相关性分析和波桑分布用于评估距离变化和成功概率.
主要成果:
- 在更大的距离变化和峰值性能成功之间存在显著的,虽然低的正相关性 (r ≤ 0.22,p < 0.001).
- 游泳者在初级年龄达到2-4个距离的峰值;跑步者在1-2个距离的最佳状态.
- 随着运动员接近高峰年龄,距离的多样性会减少,根据纪律,他们专注于1-4个距离.
结论:
- 早期的距离多样性是有益的,但需要对专业化进行战略性缩小.
- 这些发现挑战了传统的训练,为运动员的长期发展提出了适应性策略.
- 为游泳运动员和跑步运动员确定了特定的最佳距离档案,提供了实际指导.
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