成熟对足部活动和阿基里斯肌硬度的影响:垂直跳的性别差异
Zacharoula Paschaleri1, Georgios Chalatzoglidis1, Theodoros Kannas1
1Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62100 Serres, Greece.
Sports (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 25, 2024
概括
成熟不会显著改变青少年的垂直跳跃表现. 男孩在发育过程中表现出比女孩更大的跳跃能力和不同的肌肉激活模式,但延伸缩短周期不受影响.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人体生理学 人体生理学
- 青少年发展 青少年发展
背景情况:
- 了解成熟对运动表现的影响对于青少年体育至关重要.
- 垂直跳涉及复杂的神经肌肉和生物机械相互作用.
- 身体发育中的基于性别的差异可能会影响青春期的表现.
研究的目的:
- 检查成熟如何影响青少年男孩和女孩的垂直跳跃表现.
- 调查足部肌活动和阿基里斯肌硬度在这些变化中的作用.
- 为了比较性别之间的发育轨迹.
主要方法:
- 39名青少年在三个时间点相对于峰值高度速度 (PHV) 进行了测试.
- 评估了反运动跳跃 (CMJ) 的表现.
- 测量了中侧胃角肌 (MG) 和前侧肌 (TA) 肌肉的电肌图 (EMG) 和阿基里斯 (AT) 刚度.
主要成果:
- 与女孩相比,男孩表现出优越的跳跃能力和更大的AT性.
- 男孩在PHV附近显示MG活性增加和TA活性降低.
- 女孩表现出更大的TA/MG合并,特别是在PHV附近.
结论:
- 青少年男孩和女孩使用不同的机制进行垂直跳跃.
- 尽管有性别特异的神经肌肉适应,但成熟不会改变整体跳跃能力.
- 拉伸缩短周期的表现似乎独立于这个年龄组的成熟过程.
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