在Drosophila雌性生殖道中的区域专业化,多化和精液转录
Rachel C Thayer1, Elizabeth S Polston1, Jixiang Xu1
1Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
概括
女性生殖道有11种细胞类型,与精子和精液相互作用. 许多精液基因在两性之间共享,突出了在生育中的合作作用.
科学领域:
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 分子遗传学 分子遗传学
- 德洛索菲拉黑虫研究 研究 科研
背景情况:
- 性繁殖依赖于女性生殖道 (FRT) 组织和精子/精液之间的复杂相互作用.
- 女性体质生殖组织的研究不足,限制了对生育机制的理解.
- 果,Drosophila melanogaster,作为研究生殖生物学的一个模型系统.
研究的目的:
- 为了识别和分子描述Drosophila melanogaster体质FRT中的细胞类型.
- 研究女性生殖组织中精液蛋白 (SFP) 基因的表达.
- 分析SFP基因在两性表达的进化模式.
主要方法:
- 单细胞RNA测序和空间转录组学用于映射女性生殖道中的细胞类型.
- 对基因表达模式和进化速率的生物信息分析.
- 跨物种的精液蛋白基因的比较基因组分析.
主要成果:
- 在子宫上皮质中确定了11种不同的细胞类型,具有专门的空间域.
- 在超过一半的下生殖道细胞中发现了普遍的多聚化 (≥4C).
- 发现专门的女性生殖道细胞表达了众多的精液蛋白基因,挑战了SFPs作为男性产品的概念.
- 揭示了男性限定与女性表达的SFP基因的异质进化速率.
- 超过40%的注释SFP基因是生殖转录组的共享组件,这表明它们具有合作功能.
结论:
- 女生殖道具有复杂的细胞结构,具有专门的细胞类型.
- 精液蛋白不仅仅是男性衍生的;许多是由女性生殖组织表达的.
- 很大一部分SFP基因是共享的,这表明在支持精子和生育方面具有合作作用.
- 为进一步对女性生殖道的功能研究提供了分子基础.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
8.4K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
8.4K
02:04Polytene Chromosomes
10.0K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
10.0K
02:50Dosage Compensation
6.1K
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
6.1K
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K