在艾滋病毒感染者中结核感染和疾病的性别差异
Lelia H Chaisson1,2, Betina Durovni3, Nasir Umar4
1UCSF Center for Tuberculosis.
AIDS (London, England)
|October 25, 2024
概括
里约热内卢艾滋病毒感染的男性结核病发病率高于女性,尽管结核病感染率相似. 这突出了艾滋病毒感染者结核病风险的关键性别差异.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,男性的结核病 (TB) 负担比女性高.
- 艾滋病毒感染者 (PWH) 中结核病的性别差异尚未得到充分研究.
- 了解这些差异对于有针对性的预防和治疗策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在巴西里约热内卢的PWH中调查结核病感染和疾病发病率的性别差异.
- 分析结核病流行病学在一个有着大量艾滋病毒和结核病负担的人群.
- 为解决公共卫生干预措施提供信息,以解决PWH的结核病差异.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自两个研究的数据:THRio (随机对照试验) 和UnivART (回顾性队列).
- 2005年至2017年间收集的数据,包括结核素皮肤检测 (TST),结核病预防治疗 (TPT) 和抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 状态.
- 纳入来自国家电子注册表的参与者,以建立一个全面的虚拟队列.
主要成果:
- 结核病感染的发病率在艾滋病毒感染的男性和女性之间是相似的 (17%对18%).
- 与艾滋病毒感染女性相比,男性的结核病发病率明显高,无论是整体还是ART患者.
- 在两组研究中,无论是TPT还是ART状态,在男性中都观察到更高的发病率.
结论:
- 在这种情况下,与艾滋病毒感染的女性相比,艾滋病毒感染的男性患结核病的发病率更高.
- 尽管结核病感染率相似,但在PWH中存在结核病进展的性别差异.
- 这些发现强调了需要在PWH中进行结核病控制的性别特定方法.
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