评估小型农业养殖对猪微生物健康的影响
Renqiao Wen1, Ming Yang1, Qiang Xu1
1Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
|October 25, 2024
概括
小农猪养殖表现出较低的抗生素耐药性基因和比大规模作业更有益的细菌. 然而,这两种种类型的农业仍然存在将抗生素耐药细菌和病原体传播给人类的风险.
科学领域:
- 兽医微生物学 兽医微生物学
- 抗微生物耐药性 抗微生物耐药性
- 一个健康 一个健康
背景情况:
- 畜牧业,特别是养猪业,是已知的抗生素耐药性基因 (ARG) 的储库.
- 小规模养猪和大规模养猪模式之间的微生物和抗生素耐药性比较档案尚未得到充分理解.
- 了解这些差异对于评估对动物和人类健康的风险至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地分析和比较来自小农和大型农业系统的猪便的抗生素耐药性概况和微生物组成.
- 在不同的养殖模式下,评估猪中ARG,毒性基因和人类病原细菌 (HPB) 的丰富程度.
- 评估与生猪养殖中抗生素耐药性相关的潜在动物感染风险.
主要方法:
- 来自四川小农和大型农业模式的猪样的比较分析.
- 使用元基因组学方法对微生物组成进行系统的研究.
- 抗生素耐药性基因 (ARG) 和毒性基因的量化.
- 人类病原细菌 (HPBs) 的鉴定和表征,包括产生ESBL的Escherichia coli.
主要成果:
- 与大规模农业相比,小型农业的ARG含量较低.
- 微生物组成在很大程度上是相似的,但小型农场的有益细菌数量更高.
- 大规模农业显示了ARG,毒性基因和HPB的增加,包括ESBL Escherichia coli的动物性菌株,这表明动物性病的潜力更高.
- 在小型农业中发现了携带ARG的HPB的显著水平,构成传播风险.
结论:
- 小户生猪养殖表现出更有利的微生物组成和耐药性,这表明猪和人类健康比大规模养殖更有优势.
- 尽管整体耐药性较低,但小户系统中具有ARG的HPB的存在,再加上公开的便处理,对ARG和病原体传播给人类具有相当大的风险.
- 需要采取综合战略,在所有养猪模式中减轻抗微生物耐药性和动物感染风险.
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