相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

Published on: April 9, 2021

跨不同社会人口群体的英格兰COVID-19测试和报告行为:基于人口的研究,使用测试数据和来自社区流行监测调查的数据

Sumali Bajaj¹, Siyu Chen², Richard Creswell³

¹Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

The Lancet. Digital health

|October 25, 2024

概括

社会人口学因素影响了英格兰的COVID-19测试行为. 贫困地区的侧向流量测试使用率较低,而少数民族和老年人使用PCR测试的可能性较低.

科学领域:

流行病学流行病学
公共卫生公共卫生
健康公平卫生公平

背景情况:

了解传染病检测行为的异质性对于保护弱势群体至关重要.
社会人口统计学差异可能影响了COVID-19测试在流行病期间的访问和利用.
确保公平获得COVID-19测试是英格兰测试战略的关键组成部分.

研究的目的:

调查社会人口因素与英格兰COVID-19测试行为之间的关系.
识别不同人口群体在测试寻求和报告方面的差异.
为未来公共卫生紧急情况提供公平干预的信息.

主要方法:

从2020年10月到2022年3月,使用大规模COVID-19测试数据 (LFD和PCR) 和社区流行调查 (REACT-1,ONS-CIS) 的基于人口的研究.
机械因果建模以调整PCR测试数据并根据种族和年龄估计SARS-CoV-2的患病率.
分析测试偏差,错误阳性率,敏感性,特异性和病例检测分数,按社会人口统计组进行分析.

主要成果:

从2021年3月起,最贫困地区的个人报告人均侧流装置 (LFD) 测试数量与最贫困地区相比减少了一半.
在2020年10月至2021年6月期间,最贫困地区的人均PCR测试数量几乎是最贫困地区的人均PCR测试数量的两倍.
在阿尔法和奥米克朗BA.1波中,亚洲人感染率更高;整体病例检测率为26-40%,没有因贫困或种族而存在一致的差异.
少数民族和老年人使用确认性PCR测试的可能性较低;黑人/非洲/加勒比人群中报告阳性LFD的延迟时间较长.

结论:

测试行为中的差异反映了自我隔离,可访问性,数字素养和测试实用性的感知成本的变化.
大规模测试数据与监测调查相结合,可以确定社会人口统计学群体之间的公共卫生干预差距.
调查结果为监测当地干预提供了一个框架,并确保在未来的流行病中提供公平的反应.

更多相关视频

Large-Scale SARS-CoV-2 Testing Utilizing Saliva and Transposition Sample Pooling

Large-Scale SARS-CoV-2 Testing Utilizing Saliva and Transposition Sample Pooling

Published on: June 23, 2022

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

相关概念视频

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

Introduction to Epidemiology

Introduction to Epidemiology

Epidemiology, known as the cornerstone of public health, involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related events in defined populations and applying these insights to control health issues. This is essential for understanding how diseases spread, identifying populations at greater risk, and implementing measures to control or prevent outbreaks. Epidemiology addresses not only infectious diseases but also non-communicable conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease,...

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:

Contingency Table

Contingency Table

A contingency table provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities. It is a method of displaying a frequency distribution as a table with rows and columns to show how two variables may be dependent (contingent) upon each other; The table helps determine conditional probabilities quite quickly and can help systematically organize, analyze and quantify data. The table displays sample values concerning two variables that may be dependent or contingent on one...

Longitudinal Research

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...