在有或没有轻度认知障碍或痴呆症的老年人中补充和减轻认知衰退:系统性审查
Qi Fu1, Jill DeJager1, Elizabeth M Gardner1
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
Nutrients
|October 26, 2024
概括
补充微量营养素,特别是维生素D,益生菌和PUFA,可能会降低老年人认知能力下降和痴呆风险. 其他维生素的有效性有限,维生素B的益处仅在特定条件下可见.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 痴呆症,包括阿尔茨海默病 (AD),构成了重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 了解微量营养素在认知健康中的作用对于预防和管理至关重要.
- 关于对认知衰退的营养干预的现有文献需要更新合成.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查微量营养素对痴呆症发展和进展的影响.
- 确定微量营养素补充和老年人认知衰退之间的关系.
- 评估营养干预措施在预防痴呆和改善认知功能的有效性.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行系统的文献审查.
- 在PubMed上进行文献搜索,重点关注过去二十年.
- 包括对65岁以上正常认知,轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 或AD的个体进行营养干预的初级研究.
主要成果:
- 审查中包括了33项主要研究.
- 补充维生素D,益生菌和多不和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 显示出降低认知衰退,痴呆症或AD的潜力.
- 维生素A,B,C和E通常被发现是无效的;维生素B仅在非阿司匹林使用者中具有高欧米茄-3脂肪酸 (ω-3FA) 血水平,并观察到一些基因型变异的非阿司匹林使用者中表现出益处.
结论:
- 维生素D,益生菌和PUFA代表了减轻认知衰退和痴呆症的有希望的微量营养素.
- 微量营养素补充剂的有效性各不相同,特定的条件会影响结果 (例如,维生素B).
- 需要进一步的研究来澄清微量营养素,遗传学和老年人群的认知健康之间的复杂相互作用.
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