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相关概念视频

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds
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在胚胎早期发育过程中蛋白质的修饰.

Le Zhang1, Yanbing Zhang1, Hailong Sun1

  • 1Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.

American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
|October 26, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

蛋白质修饰是胚胎发育的关键. 这项研究揭示了人类和小鼠胚胎的关键变化,表明成功发育的翻译后修改 (PTM) 的类似趋势.

关键词:
通过乙化处理.胚胎发育过程中的胚胎发育.甲基化处理 甲基化处理酸化的方法是光化.无处不在的化

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科学领域:

  • 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
  • 发育生物学是发展生物学.
  • 蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.

背景情况:

  • 不孕症是一个全球性的健康问题,由于胚胎细胞发育率低,辅助生殖技术 (ART) 的成功有限.
  • 蛋白质修饰对于细胞功能,包括生殖过程至关重要,但它们在早期胚胎发育中的作用需要进一步阐明.

研究的目的:

  • 研究人类和小鼠胚胎发育过程中蛋白质修饰的特征和模式.
  • 确定影响早期胚胎发生的蛋白质修饰的关键阶段和类型.

主要方法:

  • 使用双重质标记 (TMT) - 质谱法获取和分析人类和小鼠蛋白质组数据.
  • 通过基因本体学 (GO) 和基因和基因组的京都百科全书 (KEGG) 分析的功能注释.
  • 使用STRING数据库进行蛋白质与蛋白质相互作用 (PPI) 网络分析,并使用热图可视化修饰的蛋白质.

主要成果:

  • 在人类胚胎发育过程中识别和特征化了与修饰相关的蛋白质,将4细胞到8细胞阶段确定为表达模式的潜在划界期.
  • 在小鼠胚胎生成过程中使用定量质谱学阐明了特定的甲基化,乙化和泛化事件.
  • 在小鼠胚胎中的发现为人类胚胎发育中观察到的趋势提供了部分验证.

结论:

  • 在人类植入前胚胎中,翻译后修饰 (PTM) 可能遵循与小鼠观察到的类似的发育趋势.
  • 这些保存的PTM趋势可能起到协同作用和精细调节的调节作用,这对于成功的胚胎发育至关重要.