使用冷过程同时减轻酸盐和二酸的新方法
1Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere
|October 26, 2024
概括
冷溶液有效地减少酸盐 (BrO3-) 并通过冰化学消除二酸 (DPHP). 这种新的水处理方法在寒冷的气候中加速反应.
科学领域:
- 环境化学环境化学
- 水处理技术水处理技术
- 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
背景情况:
- 酸盐 (BrO3-) 的污染,由于其持久性和不良健康影响,给净化水带来了重大挑战.
- 阻燃剂的副产品二酸 (DPHP) 是废水处理中的一个问题,需要有效的去除策略.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究一种新型水处理系统的有效性,利用冷用于同时氧化二酸 (DPHP) 和减少酸盐 (BrO3-).
- 探索冰中的增强反应动力学的潜在机制,特别是结度效应.
主要方法:
- 一个含有基酸盐 (DPHP),化物 (Br-) 和酸盐 (BrO3-) 的水样在受控的pH值下被结在-20°C.
- 随着时间的推移,监测了反应进展和化学物种度,以评估DPHP消除和BrO3-减少.
主要成果:
- 在-20°C冷溶液后,在0.5小时内减少了大约25μM的酸盐 (BrO3-) 和完全消除了二酸 (DPHP).
- 相比之下,这些反应在20°C的液态水中没有显著的进展,突出显示了低温的影响.
- 反应效率受到酸盐 (BrO3-) 度,化物 (Br-) /酸盐 (BrO3-) 比率和pH的影响,HOBr被提议作为主要氧化剂.
结论:
- 由结度效应驱动的冰化学,显著加快了同时去除DPHP和减少酸盐 (BrO3-) 的氧化还原反应.
- 这种环保的方法提供了一个有前途的水处理解决方案,特别适合在寒冷的气候中实施.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
01:03Sublimation
724
Sublimation is the direct transformation of a solid to a gaseous state. For instance, at standard pressure and room temperature, solid carbon dioxide sublimes to gaseous carbon dioxide. The phase diagram depicts the conditions required for sublimation. This process occurs at the solid-gas phase boundary and is not observed above the triple point of the substance. The reverse of sublimation is called deposition, where a gaseous substance condenses directly into a solid. Sublimation and...
724
01:10Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process
2.6K
Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is...
2.6K
01:15α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction
3.0K
The method to achieve α-brominated carboxylic acids using a mixture of phosphorus tribromide and bromine is known as the Hell–Volhard–Zelinski reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by phosphorus tribromide, which can be used directly or produced in situ from red phosphorus and bromine. The mechanism comprises PBr3 catalyzed conversion of acid to acid bromide and hydrogen bromide. The acid bromide enolizes to its enol form in the presence of HBr. The nucleophilic enol attacks the...
3.0K
00:52Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates
883
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
883
03:11Precipitation of Ions
27.7K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
27.7K
01:12Precipitation Processes
428
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
428