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与在多种环境中的干旱耐受性和它们对环境共变量的敏感性相关的遗传位置

Karine da Costa Bernardino¹, José Henrique Soler Guilhen^1,2, Cícero Beserra de Menezes¹

¹Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Rodovia MG 424, Km 65, Sete Lagoas, MG, 35701-970, Brazil.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik

|October 27, 2024

概括

气候变化威胁到的产量,这是一个对全球粮食安全至关重要的弹性作物. 了解对干旱和高温的遗传适应对于开发适应不规律气候的稳定作物品种至关重要.

科学领域:

农业科学农业科学
植物遗传学植物遗传学
适应气候变化适应气候变化

背景情况:

气候变化对全球粮食安全构成重大威胁,因为它影响了农作物产量,甚至影响了等自然有弹性的物种.
在非洲干旱地区养的,具有与气候变化相关的非生物压力固有的适应性,使其成为研究的关键作物.
为适应不稳定的气候而发展农业,需要确定在多种环境压力下赋予产量稳定的遗传特征.

研究的目的:

调查干旱应激适应的遗传基础.
为了确定与谷物产量,开花时间和植物高度相关的遗传位置,在不同的水量和温度条件下.
了解基因型与环境相互作用 (GxE) 在热带农业边界影响的表现.

主要方法:

一个多环境多部位全基因组关联研究 (MEML-GWAS) 在多样化的关联小组 (SAP) 上进行.
谷物产量,开花时间和植物高度的表型数据在巴西的水良好和水压条件下收集.
分析了环境共变量,包括湿度,蒸发和温度,与基因型对环境相互作用相关.

主要成果:

干旱条件使平均谷物产量减少了多达50%,影响了开花时间和植物高度.
与谷物产量相关的15个标记物在染色体中被确定,与影响表态的位置一起.
高温显著降低了的产量,最大温度 (29-38°C) 每升1摄氏度,大约减少100公斤.

结论:

与谷物产量相关的基因组区域表现出强烈的基因型与环境相互作用,表明对环境变异的复杂反应.
与表观相关的基因位点对GxE的敏感性较低,这表明对花期和植物高度的基因控制更为稳定.
的极端GxE应激弹性突显了种植作物在不可预测,不断变化的天气模式中的挑战,并强调了对适应性遗传资源的需求.

关键词:

G × E 的时间.气候变化气候变化气候变化干旱造成的压力是干旱.在GWAS中,GWAS就是GWAS.温度温度是指温度.

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