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相关概念视频

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

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Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
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Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

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Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
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Conformity01:20

Conformity

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Conformity is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if that person does not agree with the group.
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Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

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Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
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相关实验视频

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避免社会威胁取决于行动结果的可预测性.

Matteo Sequestro1, Jade Serfaty2, Julie Grèzes3

  • 1Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Laboratory (LNC 2), Inserm U960, Department of Cognitive Studies, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France. matteo.sequestro@gmail.com.

Communications psychology
|October 27, 2024
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概括

避免社会威胁涉及目标导向的过程和刺激-反应关联. 可预测性影响避免,通过生理和计算措施识别出不同的个人策略.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 社会心理学 社会心理学
  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学

背景情况:

  • 社会适应依赖于避免威胁个人.
  • 目标导向过程与刺激-响应关联在避免威胁中的作用尚未完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 调查是否通过目标导向的过程来调解避免社会威胁.
  • 在威胁回避行为中区分目标导向和刺激反应机制.
  • 探索这些避免策略的生理和计算基础.

主要方法:

  • 三个虚拟现实实验在接近/回避决策期间操纵结果的可预测性.
  • 对行为回避率,心脏减速和肌肉活动的分析.
  • 隐藏类分析以识别不同的参与者群.
  • 决策过程的计算建模 (漂移-扩散模型).

主要成果:

  • 当结果可预测时,参与者表现出越来越多的回避行为,支持以目标为导向的过程.
  • 避免的很大一部分甚至发生在不可预测的结果中,表明刺激-反应关联.
  • 两种不同的类别出现了:"目标导向类"对可预测性敏感",刺激反应类"具有更高的整体回避.
  • 目标导向类显示了增强的心脏减速和价值整合的计算证据,而刺激反应类显示了更高的威胁响应.

结论:

  • 以目标为导向的流程在避免社会威胁方面发挥着核心作用.
  • 目标定向和刺激-响应机制都有助于避免威胁,其依赖程度因个人而异.
  • 生理 (心脏) 和计算 (漂移率) 的测量与不同的避免策略和决策过程相关.