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虐待儿童和执行功能在整个青春期和年轻成年期的发展
Claudia Clinchard1, Brooks Casas1,2, Jungmeen Kim-Spoon1
1Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Development and psychopathology
|October 28, 2024
概括
早期生活的忽视,而不是虐待,与青少年工作记忆的发展速度较慢有关. 这项研究强调了童年忽视在关键发育时期对认知技能的长期影响.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
背景情况:
- 虐待儿童影响美国七分之一的儿童,导致终身不良后果.
- 青春期对于执行功能发展至关重要,但对虐待的差异影响的研究是有限的.
- 执行功能 (EF) 的维度包括工作记忆,抑制控制和认知灵活性.
研究的目的:
- 检查早期生活中的忽视和虐待如何对从青春期到年轻成年期的执行功能发展轨迹产生差异性影响.
- 调查被回忆起的童年忽视和虐待对执行功能发展的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 一项长度研究,对167名青少年进行了六个时间点 (14-20岁) 的评估.
- 在每一个时间点,行为任务测量了工作记忆,抑制控制和认知灵活性.
- 童年被忽视和虐待 (1-13岁) 在18-19岁时被自我报告.
主要成果:
- 所有三个执行功能维度都显示了与年龄相关的改善.
- 儿童时代的忽视与14-20岁工作记忆能力的发展缓慢有前性关联.
- 在童年虐待和执行功能轨迹之间没有发现显著的关联.
结论:
- 早期的疏忽会产生不良后果,特别是在青春期和年轻成年期延迟工作记忆的发展.
- 这些发现强调了解决童年忽视问题的重要性,以支持健康的认知发展.
- 进一步的研究应该探索将疏忽与工作记忆缺陷联系在一起的机制.
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