呼吸道和下肢肌性结构的学科特异性适应模式:骑自行车运动员与篮球运动员
Leonardo Cesanelli1,2, Deividas Saveikis3, Daniele Conte4,5
1Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania - leonardo.cesanelli@lsu.lt.
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness
|October 28, 2024
概括
特定的运动训练,如耐力或高强度间隔,显著改变运动员的肌肉肌结构. 与未经训练的人相比,篮球运动员和骑自行车的人在下肢和呼吸肌肉中表现出明显的适应性.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 肌肉骨适应 肌肉骨适应
背景情况:
- 慢性炼训练会影响肌性结构.
- 特定的训练类型 (高强度间隔与耐力) 可能会产生不同的适应.
- 篮球运动员,自行车运动员和未经训练的人之间的比较至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估慢性运动训练对下肢和呼吸道肌组织结构的影响.
- 为了比较篮球运动员 (BP),自行车运动员 (CY) 和对照 (CN) 组的适应情况.
- 调查由于特定培训而导致的结构和功能差异.
主要方法:
- B模式超声波用于评估横向巨,腹腔半和腹膜肌肉,以及骨和阿基里斯肌.
- 膝盖伸缩器和脚部曲器的最大自愿同位数和被动扭矩测量.
- 诱发疲劳的运动方案,以评估疲劳之前和之后的肌肉力量变化.
主要成果:
- 与对照人群相比,运动员表现出优越的肌肉肌大小,力量和耐疲劳能力 (P<0.05).
- 篮球运动员表现出比骑自行车运动员更大的足,腹膜,更长的束,爆炸力和肌大小 (P<0.05).
- 骑自行车的人在下肢和呼吸肌肉 (P<0.05) 中表现出更大的肌肉穿角和更强的耐力.
结论:
- 慢性,运动特定的训练会导致下肢和呼吸道肌系统的独特适应.
- 根据培训方式,显而易见的结构和功能变化是明显的.
- 这些发现突显了运动诱导的适应的特异性.
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