育儿,大脑架构和心理健康之间的关联的发展时间
Cleanthis Michael1, Arianna M Gard2, Scott Tillem1
1Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
JAMA pediatrics
|October 28, 2024
概括
幼儿时期的严厉家长对大脑发育产生影响,而中年时的温家长则与晚年更好的心理健康结果有关. 这些发现凸显了儿童时期对于家长干预的敏感时期.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 育儿对大脑发育和长期健康有很大的影响.
- 在敏感的发育时期,父母暴露的时间还没有得到充分的研究.
- 了解这些时期可以为神经发育和精神疾病风险的干预提供信息.
研究的目的:
- 在早期,中期和晚期儿童和青少年大脑架构期间调查严厉和温暖的育儿之间的关联.
- 检查这些育儿暴露对早期成年期精神病症状的后续影响.
- 探索COVID-19流行病背景在这些协会中的作用.
主要方法:
- 长度队列研究 (未来家庭和儿童福祉研究) 涉及173名低收入青年.
- 父母报告的严厉育儿和观察者评价的温暖育儿在3,5岁和9岁时进行了评估.
- 使用功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 分析青少年大脑结构 (15岁);在21岁时评估精神症状 (焦虑,抑郁症).
主要成果:
- 幼儿时期父母的心理攻击与大脑范围的分离和小世界感的增加有关.
- 童年后期的严厉家长与前额皮层-杏仁核连接性降低有关.
- 温的家长在中儿童时期与更大的杏仁体中心性和减少PFC中心性有关,并在成年时减少焦虑/抑郁症.
结论:
- 与严厉的育儿的神经关联因发育时间而异,在幼儿时代普遍存在,并在幼儿后期局部存在.
- 温的家长的神经关联在中儿童时期被定位,与未来的心理健康有关.
- 发展条件的育儿效应强调了对儿童神经发育和心理健康的介入时机的重要性.
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