使用自然语言处理工具包根据精神病诊断对电子健康记录进行分类
Alissa Hutto1, Tarek M Zikry2, Buck Bohac3
1Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
这项研究评估了一套自然语言处理 (NLP) 工具包,用于对抑郁症和物质使用障碍 (SUD) 的电子健康记录 (EHR) 进行分类. SUD模型显示了高准确度,而抑郁模型提供了更平衡的分类性能.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
背景情况:
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 专业知识可以成为分析非结构化电子健康记录 (EHR) 数据的重要障碍.
- 克拉克NLP工具包的开发旨在为具有不同级别的信息学知识的研究人员提供NLP应用.
研究的目的:
- 评估CLARK NLP工具包在为精神病诊断,特别是抑郁症和物质使用障碍 (SUD) 分类非结构化EHR数据方面的有效性.
- 评估使用CLARK对抑郁症和SUD分类进行训练的NLP模型的性能.
主要方法:
- 手动审查了来自652名患者的EHR数据,以创建对抑郁症和SUD的标记数据集.
- 将标记数据集分成培训和评估数据集.
- 与评估数据集相比,训练并分析了基于CLARK的抑郁症和SUD分类模型的性能.
主要成果:
- 抑郁症分类模型达到69%的准确性 (灵敏度=0.68,特异性=0.70,F1=0.68).
- 该SUD分类模型实现了84%的准确性 (灵敏度=0.56,特异性=0.92,F1=0.57).
- 抑郁症模型表现出平衡的性能,而SUD模型表现出高特异性但低灵敏性.
结论:
- 像CLARK这样的NLP工具可以帮助从EHR数据中对精神病诊断进行分类,即使对于具有有限信息学专业知识的用户来说也是如此.
- 根据诊断,NLP模型的性能有所不同;SUD模型的高特异性表明在识别负面病例方面具有实用性,而抑郁模型提供了更平衡的分类.
- 将NLP与人工审查的置信值相结合,可能会提高这些工具在临床环境中的实际应用.
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