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相关概念视频

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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The Availability Heuristic01:08

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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Bias01:22

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
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计数是否会改变计数的意义? 量化固定偏差影响决策.

Linda W Chang1, Erika L Kirgios2, Sendhil Mullainathan3,4

  • 1Operations, Information, and Decisions Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 28, 2024
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

人们表现出"量化固定",偏爱数字化呈现的权衡选择. 这种偏见影响了招聘和捐赠的决策,表明数字改变了我们的价值观.

关键词:
比较流动性的流动性.在决策过程中做出决定.计算能力 数学能力 数学能力量化量化量化的量化.

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科学领域:

  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.

背景情况:

  • 人类经常使用数值指标来做决策.
  • 处理量化信息可能具有挑战性,可能导致不足利用.
  • 数字非常适合进行比较,影响判断.

研究的目的:

  • 调查如何呈现选择维度的数量与质量对决策的影响.
  • 确定"量化固定"现象及其在各种决策环境中的流行情况.
  • 探索这种偏见的潜在机制和后果.

主要方法:

  • 进行了21项预先注册的实验,参与者超过23000人.
  • 参与者做出了涉及权衡的决定 (例如,员工选择,政策选择,消费者偏好).
  • 随机化了权衡维度的呈现格式 (数值与定性).

主要成果:

  • 显示了偏好在数值呈现的维度上占主导地位的选项方面的系统性转变.
  • 在管理,政策和消费者决策中观察到"量化固定",包括与激励相容的任务.
  • 确定了信息流性在比较判断中的关键机制驱动这种偏见.

结论:

  • 量化固定系统地影响决策,有利于数字化呈现的信息.
  • 这种偏见在现实世界的场景中,如招聘和慈善捐赠,会产生切实的财务后果.
  • 信息以数字方式呈现的方式改变了决策属性的感知重要性和价值.