奥运会举重运动员的身体质量管理实践
Amie M Cox1, Carl Langan-Evans2, David Jenkins1,3
1School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia.
International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
|October 28, 2024
概括
大多数奥林匹克举重运动员管理身体质量 (BM),以比他们的训练体重更轻. 策略包括逐渐的饮食和液体限制,在它们的应用中观察到性别差异.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 营养 营养 营养 营养 营养
- 人体生理学 人体生理学
背景情况:
- 竞争式举重包括严格的体重类别.
- 运动员的目标往往是以低于他们习惯的训练量的体质 (BM) 竞争.
- 了解BM管理实践对于运动员的健康和表现至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查奥运会举重运动员的竞争体质 (BM) 管理实践.
- 为了确定BM损失的流行率,规模和方法,为了竞争.
- 为了确定男性和女性运动员之间的BM管理中的差异.
主要方法:
- 对149名奥运会举重运动员进行了一项经过验证的匿名调查.
- 收集的数据包括人口统计,训练/比赛历史,体重历史和BM管理策略.
- 统计分析包括单向ANOVA,斯皮尔曼的rho和chi-square测试.
主要成果:
- 76%的运动员报告使用慢性和/或急性减肥策略来增加体重.
- 典型的比赛前的BM损失 (2-3%) 符合推指南.
- 逐渐的饮食,液体限制和低体积,高卡路里食物是常见的策略.
- 与男性相比,女性运动员更倾向于逐渐节食,不太可能增加运动或快速运动.
- 女运动员将饮食师/营养师作为一个关键信息来源.
结论:
- 大多数奥林匹克举重运动员都会从事体质管理 (BM) 活动,以较轻的重量进行比赛.
- 通常使用的策略通常是在推的指导方针内.
- 在BM管理技术和信息来源中存在性别特异性差异,突出显示了需要量身定制的指导.
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