2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) 类人类病毒分离物在中传播
Joanna A Pulit-Penaloza1, Jessica A Belser2, Nicole Brock2
1Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. xzy5@cdc.gov.
Nature
|October 28, 2024
概括
来自德克萨斯州牛群的高度致病性禽流感A ((H5N1) 病毒在中呈现出增加的毒性和传染性. 这一发现凸显了持续对哺乳动物适应的H5N1菌株进行公共卫生监测的必要性.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 流行病学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 高致病性禽流感A ((H5N1) 自2020年以来已在全球蔓延,影响野生鸟类,哺乳动物和人类.
- 在2024年3月,在美国的奶牛中检测到Clade 2.3.4.4b A ((H5N1),导致人类病例.
研究的目的:
- 在模型中评估A/Texas/37/2024 (TX/37) A(H5N1) 病毒的致病性和传染性.
- 评估与这种新型H5N1菌株相关的人类健康风险.
主要方法:
- 被接种了TX/37 A ((H5N1) 病毒.
- 评估了病毒的致病性,泄露和传播 (直接,间接,通过空气传播).
- 分析了受体结合的特异性.
主要成果:
- TX/37在小黑猩猩中引起严重的致命感染,病毒分泌率高,系统性传播.
- 观察到有效的直接和间接 (fomite) 传播.
- 空气传播发生,但水平低于人类H1菌株.
- 该病毒保持了与禽类类似的受体结合特异性,但与早期的2.3.4.4b菌株相比,其毒性和传染性增加.
结论:
- TX/37 A ((H5N1) 病毒在中表现出增强的毒性和传染性,这表明哺乳动物适应性增加的可能性.
- 这些发现强调了持续对哺乳动物溢出潜力的A(H5N1) 病毒进行公共卫生监测和警的重要性.
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