强大的含的乳草毒素受到土壤和草食动物诱导的防御作用的不同调节
Anurag A Agrawal1,2, Amy P Hastings3, Christophe Duplais4
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. agrawal@cornell.edu.
Journal of chemical ecology
|October 29, 2024
概括
土壤对乳草的生长和卡德诺利德防御系统的影响在物种之间有所不同. 然而,食草动物的损害显著增加了有毒的红化物,增强了植物对专家蝶的防御能力.
科学领域:
- 植物与昆虫的相互作用
- 化学生态化学生态学
- 植物生理学 植物生理学
背景情况:
- 土壤 (N) 影响植物的植物化学防御,但它对牛乳草 (Asclepias spp.) 中的卡尔迪诺利德的影响. 是复杂的. 这是复杂的.
- 乳科生长大量的卡尔迪诺化物,含 (N-) 卡尔迪诺化物对专门的食草动物特别有毒.
- 了解卡迪诺利德表达的驱动因素至关重要,因为N-和非N-卡迪诺利德与潜在不同的生物合成共存.
研究的目的:
- 调查土壤含量和食草动物损害对两种具有不同生命史策略的乳草物种 (Asclepias syriaca和A. curassavica) 的卡登诺利德概况和叶子毒性的影响.
- 确定土壤与草食诱导在塑造植物防御和对专业蝶草食动物 (君主和女王) 的毒性方面的相对重要性.
主要方法:
- 两种乳草种,Asclepias syriaca和A. curassavica,遭受了不同的土壤含量,并模拟了草食动物的损害.
- 分析了叶子组织中的卡德诺利德配置文件.
- 使用君主蝶 (Danaus plexippus) 和女王蝶 (D. gilippus) 的目标酶 (Na+/K+-ATPase) 评估了叶子提取物的毒性.
主要成果:
- 增加的土壤增强了A.syriaca的生物量,但对卡迪诺利德有很小的影响,减少了N-卡迪诺利德.labriformin. 相反,土壤主要增加了A. curassavica中的N-cardenolides,对生物质的影响很小.
- 在A.syriaca中,君主的食强烈诱导了N-cardenolides和总cardenolides,而在A.curassavica中,诱导是弱的.
- 草食动物诱导的卡丁诺化物显著增加了两种蝶物种酶的叶子毒性,超过了土壤对卡丁诺化物度和成分的影响.
结论:
- 虽然土壤会根据物种生命史对乳草生长和特定的卡尔迪诺化物生产产生不同的影响,但草食动物诱导的防御是叶子毒性的主要驱动因素.
- 生物 (草食) 和非生物 (土壤) 因素相互作用,形成植物化学防御表达.
- 这些因素在防御调制中的相对重要性取决于植物的生命历史战略.
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