肌缩侧面硬化症中轻度认知障碍:当前观点
1Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, Vienna, A-1150, Austria. kurt.jellinger@univie.ac.at.
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
|October 29, 2024
概括
肌缩性侧面硬化症 (ALS) 涉及认知障碍,影响执行功能和记忆. 通过生物标志物和大脑连接的早期检测可能使这种神经退行性疾病的及时干预成为可能.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 神经学 神经学
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 肌缩侧面硬化症 (ALS) 是一种致命的神经退行性疾病,主要影响运动神经元.
- 认知功能障碍,包括轻度认知障碍 (MCI),是ALS患者显著的非运动症状.
- 在ALS中MCI影响患者和护理人员的负担,并且可以在运动症状出现之前出现.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究ALS患者的认知缺陷.
- 探索ALS中认知障碍的神经成像相关性.
- 确定潜在的早期诊断生物标志物和ALS中MCI的治疗点.
主要方法:
- 神经心理评估用于评估认知领域.
- 神经成像技术 (MRI,PET) 用于分析大脑结构和功能.
- 对脑脊液和血清进行潜在生物标志物的分析 (例如神经丝轻/重链,GFAP).
主要成果:
- 患有ALS的患者表现出语言流,语言,执行功能,注意力和记忆力的缺陷.
- 神经成像显示了额头/叶皮层缩,白质异常,杏仁体和脑丘脑体积减少.
- 神经元损失和TDP-43沉积与前前和前前边缘连接的破坏相关.
结论:
- 认知障碍是ALS的一个关键特征,与特定的大脑结构和连接性变化有关.
- 在ALS中早期诊断MCI可能会通过液体生物标志物和大脑连接签名来促进.
- 了解ALS中MCI的病理生理学对于开发有针对性的治疗来延迟或预防疾病进展至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:26Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
449
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
449
01:22Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment
165
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
165
01:30Dementia
97
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
97
01:15Parkinson's Disease: Overview
486
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
486
01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
101
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
101
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
61
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
61