生物塑料中的添加剂:化学表征,在水中的迁移和对光合作用生物体的影响
Alberto Crema1, Enrico Dinelli2, Elena Fabbri2
1Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy.
The Science of the total environment
|October 29, 2024
概括
像PLA,PBS/PLA和SB这样的生物塑料可以将无机添加剂释放到环境中. 一些浸出物显示出显著的藻类生长抑制,而PLA的毒性较小,并且没有对的种子产生影响.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
背景情况:
- 传统塑料和生物塑料如果处理不当,可能会将化学添加剂和意想不到的物质出环境中.
- 了解生物塑料对环境的影响对于可持续的材料管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述和比较各种生物基和可生物降解塑料的浸出物.
- 评估这些液对藻类生长和植物发展的生态毒性.
主要方法:
- 从聚乳酸 (PLA),聚乙烯酸盐 (PBS) /PLA混合物和基于粉的混合物 (SB) 的七种液被分析了无机和有机添加剂.
- 使用准备好的浸出物进行了藻类生长抑制试验和苗发芽/生长试验.
主要成果:
- 在液中发现了0.1-100毫克L-1的无机元素 (Na,Mg,K,Ca),含量为1-1000微克L-1.1.的微量元素.
- 大多数有机添加剂不会迁移到水中;检测到的化合物并不令人担忧.
- 在低度 (0.4 g L−1) 时,PBS/PLA和SB液显著抑制了藻类生长.
- 在PLA的液中,对藻类的毒性较低. 在较高度 (25-50%) 中,SB浸出物抑制了树根和芽生长,并在10%的度中诱导了hormesis.
结论:
- 生物塑料的无机成分影响了浸出物特性.
- 虽然PLA的生态毒性似乎较小,但基于粉的混合物和PBS/PLA混合物对水生生物和植物发展构成风险.
- 适当的处置和对生物塑料生态毒性的进一步研究至关重要.
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