治疗腹的国际趋势
Omar Karlsson1,2, Rockli Kim3,4, S V Subramanian5,6
1Duke University Population Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
Pediatrics
|October 30, 2024
概括
在低收入和中等收入国家,治疗儿童腹的治疗显著增加. 然而,这种救命干预的广泛获取仍然不完整,这凸显了需要继续努力的必要性.
科学领域:
- 全球儿童健康 儿童健康
- 公共卫生干预措施 公共卫生干预
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
背景情况:
- 腹是五岁以下儿童的主要死亡原因,对儿童的发育有持久的影响.
- 自2004年以来,世界卫生组织 (WHO) 已批准治疗性和口服补水溶液用于治疗腹.
- 这项研究检查了23个低收入和中等收入国家的儿科腹管理中利用的最新趋势.
研究的目的:
- 分析用于治疗5岁以下儿童腹的最新趋势.
- 量化23个低收入和中等收入国家的处理覆盖率的增加.
- 评估进展情况,并确定在实现儿童腹普遍治疗方面存在的差距.
主要方法:
- 一项重复的横截面研究设计,利用来自23个国家的46项人口和健康调查.
- 通过对母亲的采访收集的数据,涉及过去两周内5岁以下儿童的腹发作和治疗.
- 分析估计了调查期间 (2009-2014年和2015-2023年) 之间治疗患病率的平均年变化.
主要成果:
- 综合分析显示,对腹进行治疗的比例大幅上升,从早期调查的2%上升到最近调查的27%.
- 在聚合样本中观察到治疗患病率的平均年增幅为4个百分点 (pp).
- 所有23个国家都显示了处理的增加,年率从柬埔寨的1pp到塞拉利昂的9pp不等.
结论:
- 在增加治疗性用于儿童腹的使用方面取得了重大进展.
- 尽管观察到增长,但目前的覆盖率表明,对腹的治疗尚未普及.
- 需要进一步的干预,以确保所有患有腹的儿童完全获得治疗.
相关概念视频
01:18Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents
109
Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
109
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy
322
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
322
01:17Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS
149
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
149
01:29Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management
117
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Pharmacologic...
117
01:29Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD
124
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
124
01:29Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents
143
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
143