减少肠道转化为扩散和免疫抑制反应是新辅助免疫化学疗法在胃腺癌中优越性的基础
Lei Wang1,2, Linghong Wan1, Xu Chen1,3
1Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies Daping Hospital Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) Yuzhong District Chongqing China.
MedComm
|October 30, 2024
概括
新辅助免疫化学疗法 (NAIC) 对胃癌的新辅助化学疗法 (NAC) 显示出更高的疗效. NAIC增强了免疫微环境,减少了瘤的进展,改善了病理完整反应率.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 新辅助免疫化学疗法 (NAIC) 在各种癌症中提供临床益处,包括胃腺癌 (GAC).
- 对NAIC与新辅助化疗 (NAC) 的细胞和免疫微环境反应的区别尚不清楚.
- 了解这些差异对于优化新辅助癌症治疗策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 将胃癌的病理和免疫反应与NAIC和NAC进行比较.
- 调查表皮细胞到介质细胞的转换和瘤免疫微环境 (TIME) 调节在治疗疗效中的作用.
- 确定与NAIC响应相关的预测生物标志物和机制性途径.
主要方法:
- 来自多个中心的配对,未经治疗的瘤组织的分析.
- 病理学评估,包括病理完整反应 (pCR) 率.
- 瘤微环境的免疫分析和转录组分析.
- 劳伦的分类和组织学转换 (肠道到扩散) 的评估.
主要成果:
- 与NAC (4%) 相比,NAIC实现了显著更高的pCR率 (25%),而NAC则实现了更高的pCR率 (4%).
- 预处理肠道亚型预测了NAIC的回归,但不是NAC.
- NAIC限制了肠道转化为扩散的转化,这与治疗失败相关.
- NAIC保留了免疫活性的TIME,减少了免疫抑制性纤维细胞和耗尽的T细胞,并促进了三级淋巴体结构.
- 瘤坏死因子α (TNFα) /核因子-卡帕B (NF-κB) 途径的激活与NAIC反应相关.
结论:
- 对于局部发达的GAC,NAIC优于NAC,可能是通过减少组织学转换和促进免疫活性时间.
- 向组织转换和调节免疫抑制的TIME是提高新辅助疗法疗效的潜在策略.
- 这些发现提供了对GAC中新辅助疗法的独特治疗反应和潜在生物标志物的洞察力.
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