昆州百日咳的流行病学特征和生存分析
Wenjie Xu1, Canya Fu1,2, Canjie Zheng1
1Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics
|October 30, 2024
概括
尽管DTaP疫苗接种覆盖率很高,但昆州市的百日咳病例急剧增加. 自费接种疫苗与百日咳发病率的风险增加2.84倍,这表明公共卫生问题至关重要.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 免疫接种 免疫接种
背景情况:
- 百日咳的复发是一个日益严重的全球性问题,即使是在高收入国家,疫苗接种率很高的国家.
- 昆州市的疫苗接种覆盖率很高 (99%),从DTwP转向DTaP疫苗.
- 自2024年初以来,在昆州市观察到咳病例的显著增加.
研究的目的:
- 分析州市最近爆发的百日咳疫情的流行病学特征.
- 调查疫苗接种史与百日咳发病率之间的关联.
- 为了确定影响受研究人群中百日咳风险的因素.
主要方法:
- 收集和分析2024年1月至4月的百日咳病例数据.
- 流行病学特征的描述,包括地理分布和年龄人口统计数据.
- COX生存分析以评估风险因素,特别是比较自付与免费疫苗类型.
主要成果:
- 2024年初的百日咳病例明显超过了前几年的同期病例率.
- 疫情集中在昆州市中心,主要影响9岁以下的儿童,特别是5-9岁的儿童.
- 与免费疫苗相比,自费的百日咳疫苗与发病率增加2.84倍的风险有关 (HR=2.87).
结论:
- 昆州市的百日咳情况非常严重,需要紧急关注.
- 目前的免疫策略可能需要加强,以应对正在发生的疫情.
- 进一步研究和优化百日咳免疫接种方案对于控制这种疾病至关重要.
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