执行功能与噪音中的听力调整语音感知相关联
Mark A Eckert1,2, Lois J Matthews1, Kenneth I Vaden1
1Hearing Research Program, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
|October 30, 2024
概括
像注意力和处理速度这样的执行功能对于在杂的环境中理解语音至关重要. 这些认知能力的缺陷,特别是听力损失的老年人,导致语音识别较差.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 听觉感知是一种听觉感知.
- 衰老研究研究 衰老研究
背景情况:
- 在噪音中识别语音是一个复杂的认知任务.
- 执行功能对于管理注意力和在语音感知过程中处理信息至关重要.
- 听力损失,特别是在老年人中,通常与认知能力下降同时发生,影响语音理解.
研究的目的:
- 研究执行功能能力与噪音中的语音识别之间的关系.
- 为了确定执行功能缺陷是否解释听力损失的老年人较差的语音识别.
- 测试执行功能支持语音跟踪,注意力和误解管理的假设.
主要方法:
- 一项对400名成年人 (19-90岁) 的横截面研究,来自纵向老化队列.
- 评估执行功能,包括设置转移,选择性注意力,工作记忆,持续注意力和处理速度.
- 在噪音中测量语音识别,使用语音感知噪音 (SPIN) 测试,通过发音指数对听力进行调整.
主要成果:
- 设置转移,语音听力 (选择性注意力/工作记忆) 和处理速度显著预测了可听性调整的,低背景的SPIN分数.
- 这些认知功能解释了语音识别的独特差异,即使在控制年龄,听觉敏感度 (PTA),性别和教育后.
- 听力敏感度较差与执行功能较低和听力调整后语音识别减少有关.
结论:
- 执行功能,包括设置转移,处理速度和选择性注意力,部分解释了噪音中的语音识别困难.
- 这些发现支持不同执行职能在听觉感知中的作用.
- 针对执行职能的干预措施可能会使听力损失的个体受益,他们遇到语音识别挑战.
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