如何解释人工智能可以增加或减少临床医生对医疗保健中的AI应用的信任:系统性审查
Rikard Rosenbacke1, Åsa Melhus2, Martin McKee3
1Centre for Corporate Governance, Department of Accounting, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
JMIR AI
|October 30, 2024
概括
可解释的人工智能 (XAI) 可以增强临床医生对人工智能 (AI) 决策的信心,但只有当解释清晰和相关时. 设计不佳的解释可能会降低信任,强调需要在医疗保健中平衡地整合人工智能.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 人与计算机的交互
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 在临床实践中提供了巨大的潜力,但它的
- 黑盒子是一个黑盒子.
- 自然性可能会阻碍临床医生的采用.
- 可解释人工智能 (XAI) 旨在通过提供对人工智能决策过程的见解来建立信任.
- 确保适当的临床医生信任对于有效的AI集成至关重要,避免过度依赖和怀疑.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和合成关于可解释AI (XAI) 如何影响临床医生对人工智能驱动的临床决策的信心的经验证据.
- 通过AI解释在医疗保健环境中了解信任调制的细微差别.
- 确定影响XAI在培养适当水平的临床医生信任方面的有效性因素.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行的系统审查,搜索PubMed和科学网.
- 纳入标准侧重于实证研究,衡量XAI对临床医生的信任的影响 (认知或基于影响的措施).
- 在778篇选文章中,包括了10项研究,对每项研究进行了偏差风险评估.
主要成果:
- 大多数研究 (5/10) 发现,与标准人工智能相比,XAI增加了临床医生的信任,特别是具有清晰,简洁和临床相关的解释.
- 三项研究报告XAI对信任没有显著影响,表明解释不会自动改善信任.
- 两项研究表明,基于解释的复杂性和连贯性,XAI可以增强或减少信任,强调解释质量的关键作用.
结论:
- 解释的质量和清晰度显著调节临床医生对AI的信任,复杂或矛盾的解释可能会破坏它.
- 实现适当的信任平衡是必不可少的,防止盲目信任和对AI建议过度怀疑.
- 需要进一步的研究来完善信任措施,并制定最佳AI整合到临床实践中的战略.
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