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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

329
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
329
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
114
Encoding01:19

Encoding

133
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
133
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

137
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

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Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 9, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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在荷兰语的词典选择过程中,跨词类的语义干扰.

Constantijn L van der Burght1, Antje S Meyer2

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Cognition
|October 30, 2024
PubMed
概括

单词类限制了句子制作中的单词选择,但这种影响在荷兰语中比在英语中弱. 这表明词类约束是分级的,而不是绝对的,根据语言而异.

关键词:
语言 语言 语言 语言词汇访问 词汇访问图片命名 图片命名语义干扰是一种语义干扰.句子制作 句子制作语法 语法 语法 语法 语法

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科学领域:

  • 心理语言学 心理语言学
  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 语言学的语言学.

背景情况:

  • 词汇访问模型假设单词选择是竞争性的.
  • 语音错误表明词类在句子生成过程中限制了词汇选择.

研究的目的:

  • 实验性地研究词汇选择上的词类约束.
  • 为了复制一项先前对英语说话者进行的荷兰语研究.

主要方法:

  • 用于测试词汇竞争的图片词干扰范式.
  • 两项实验与荷兰语使用者进行.

主要成果:

  • 在荷兰语中观察到语义干扰效应.
  • 不同于英语,荷兰语中没有发现对词汇选择的词类约束的证据.

结论:

  • 词汇选择上的词类约束可能是分级而不是分类.
  • 词类标记的清晰度在英语和荷兰语之间对于动词和动作名词有所不同.