头骨鼻腔阻止了已灭绝的鱼亲属从鱼类风格的深潜中获取,因为它们从陆地转移到海洋
Mark T Young1,2,3, Julia A Schwab1,4, David Dufeau5
1School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK.
Royal Society open science
|October 31, 2024
概括
古老的海洋爬行动物称为thalattosuchians从陆地动物进化,发展出独特的鼻变化,与鱼不同. 他们的脑腔鼻腔缩小,而鼻腔鼻腔扩大,可能是为了盐腺功能,限制了深潜.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 比较解剖学的比较解剖学
背景情况:
- 主要的进化过渡涉及到身体计划和息地的重大变化.
- 类动物 (鱼) 从陆地哺乳动物进化为海洋游泳者,改变充满空气的鼻腔.
- 在其他四足动物中,独立地从陆地到海洋的过渡引发了关于类似的鼻腔修饰的问题.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究thalattosuchian鱼在过渡到水生生物的过程中发生的鼻变化.
- 为了比较thalattosuchians的鼻腔进化与类动物在各自的海洋适应过程中的鼻腔进化.
- 了解塑造水生过渡的功能和进化约束.
主要方法:
- 计算机断层扫描 (CT) 扫描被用来分析化石thalattosuchians的鼻形态.
- 在水生和陆生祖先之间对鼻腔结构的比较分析.
- 检查与观察到的鼻变化相关的进化速率.
主要成果:
- 泰拉托索基亚脑鼻在水生过渡期间缩小,反映了鱼的进化.
- 与直觉相反,thalattosuchian鼻子鼻腔扩大,与鱼不同.
- 脑袋的缩小和鼻子的扩张都以高的进化速度发生.
结论:
- 在海洋适应过程中,thalattosuchians和鱼表现出融合的,但截然不同的,鼻进化的模式.
- 在thalatosuchians中扩大的鼻腔鼻可能与盐腺功能有关,阻碍了深度潜水.
- 塔拉托索基亚人达到了海洋适应的中间阶段,与早期的类动物相比,但没有达到高水平的海底物种专业化.
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