患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童的多动是对特定执行功能的需求或一般认知需求的功能性反应吗?
Elia F Soto1, Katie Black2, Michael J Kofler2
1Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University.
Neuropsychology
|October 31, 2024
概括
注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 中的过度活动源于基线运动和对工作记忆和抑制等执行功能的需求增加.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿童精神病学 儿童精神病学
背景情况:
- 过动是注意力缺陷/过动障碍 (ADHD) 的核心症状.
- 在ADHD中引发多动性的特定认知需求尚未完全理解.
- 目前的研究还不清楚是一般认知挑战还是特定的执行功能驱动了与ADHD相关的多动性.
研究的目的:
- 研究ADHD儿童执行功能需求和多动性之间的关系.
- 要区分基线运动活动与认知任务需求对多动性的贡献.
- 为了确定特定的执行功能 (工作记忆,抑制控制,设置转移) 是否独特地影响过度活动水平.
主要方法:
- 研究了184名8至13岁的儿童,其中有119名患有多动症和119名没有多动症.
- 进行了平衡的执行和非执行认知测试.
- 客观地使用动图学测量了总运动运动.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,患有ADHD的儿童表现出适度增加的运动运动.
- 患有多动症的过度活动受两个关键因素的影响:基线运动活动水平和对执行功能的需求增加.
- 工作记忆和抑制控制需要在ADHD儿童中显著增加多动性,超过他们的基线水平.
结论:
- 执行功能需求加剧,但不仅仅是导致ADHD中的多动性.
- 研究结果表明,至少有两种途径导致过度活跃:一种与认知需求有关,另一种与未确定的因素有关.
- 需要进一步的研究来确定其他导致ADHD相关多动症的因素.
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