基于流行病学发现的定量风险评估与职业致癌物质的OSHA允许暴露限值的审查
1National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Science Integration, Risk Evaluation Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio (retired).
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene
|October 31, 2024
概括
很少有化学品基于风险评估的职业暴露限值 (OEL). 这项研究为18种致癌物产生了OEL,发现大多数都明显低于当前允许暴露限值 (PEL).
科学领域:
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 风险评估 风险评估
背景情况:
- 职业暴露限值 (OEL) 对化学品安全至关重要,但往往缺乏定量风险评估基础.
- 估计暴露-反应关系 (XRs) 对于建立基于证据的OELs至关重要.
- 对于化学物质,特别是致癌物质,在人类XR数据中存在一个显著的差距.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用可用的人类暴露-反应数据来推导18种致癌物质的OEL.
- 为了将这些衍生的OEL与OSHA设定的现有的允许暴露限值 (PEL) 进行比较.
- 根据定量风险评估,评估当前致癌物质PEL的充分性.
主要方法:
- 从已发表的文献中确定了18种致癌物质,报告或可计算的人类暴露-反应关系 (XRs).
- 通过使用统计模型,总结人口属性和分类分析,推导出96 XR估计.
- 计算的OELs对应于每个XR估计的千分之一的超额终身风险.
- 与现有的OSHA PELs进行比较.
主要成果:
- 在96个OEL中的88个与相应的PEL相结合的OEL中,除了10个以外的所有OEL都低于当前的PEL.
- 34个衍生的OEL比PEL低10到100倍.
- 21个衍生的OEL比PEL低100倍以上.
- 与PEL相比,较低的衍生OELs的模式在不同的XR导出方法中是一致的.
结论:
- 根据定量风险评估,许多致癌物质的当前允许暴露限值 (PEL) 可能无法充分保护工人.
- 使用的方法可以为制定职业暴露标准的优先事项提供信息.
- 这种方法不仅适用于致癌物质,还可用于确定其他化学品的OEL.
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